Guidelines for Failure Mode Testing of Battery Energy Storage Systems

This document provides comprehensive guidelines for failure mode testing of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), focusing on full-scale test methods to evaluate fire propagation and deflagration mitigation in single and multi-level systems. Developed by Fire & Risk Alliance, LLC., the guide covers two primary hazard categories: gas buildup/deflagration hazards and flaming propagation hazards. For gas buildup/deflagration, it details ventilation testing, deflagration testing, and gas dispersion testing procedures. For flaming propagation, it outlines single unit, multi-unit, and stacked unit flaming propagation tests. Each test method includes setup, instrumentation, and step-by-step procedures. The document aims to standardize testing protocols to assess risks such as gas accumulation, deflagration, and fire spread, providing essential data for safety evaluations. It includes a glossary, references, and standard practices for gas measurement methodologies. These guidelines are intended for use by engineers, safety professionals, and authorities having jurisdiction to enhance BESS safety and mitigate potential hazards.