Key Issues in Smart Microgrid Development Research

This research paper, authored by Jiang Shigong from the State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute in May 2025, explores key issues in smart microgrid development. It begins with a basic overview, defining smart microgrids as autonomous, controllable systems that integrate distributed generation, loads, and storage, capable of grid-connected or island operation. The paper compares international definitions from the U.S., EU, and Japan, highlighting differences in focus on reliability, clean energy penetration, and autonomy. It then traces China's policy evolution from technical standards and demonstrations pre-13th Five-Year Plan to supporting distributed new energy integration and market entity status post-14th Five-Year Plan. Practical explorations and suggestions are provided, emphasizing the role of microgrids in the new-type power system under dual carbon goals. The study underscores the importance of digital and intelligent means for accelerating microgrid construction, with a focus on controllable power exchange, renewable energy ratios, and island capability.