All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Fire Protection System

This document provides a comprehensive fire protection system solution for all-vanadium redox flow battery energy storage containers. It begins with an overview of common container sizes (20-foot and 40-foot) and internal subsystems including battery modules, electrolyte storage and supply, and power electronics control. A detailed system risk analysis covers chemical risks such as electrolyte corrosivity and toxicity, cross-contamination, and side reactions generating hydrogen; mechanical risks like storage tank leakage and thermal management failure; material risks including ion exchange membrane failure and electrode degradation; and environmental risks from extreme temperatures and improper maintenance. The fire protection design features fire-resistant structures with explosion-proof ventilation, a multi-level detection system using smoke, temperature, and hydrogen combustible gas detectors, and automatic extinguishing via perfluorohexanone (residue-free for electrical fires) plus water sprinklers for cooling. Manual dry powder extinguishers are also provided. The design complies with Chinese standards GB50016, GB50974, GB50263, and GB50116, ensuring robust safety for large-scale energy storage applications.