Solid-State Battery Roadmap 2035+: Key Insights

This document presents a comprehensive roadmap for solid-state batteries (SSBs) from 2022 to 2035 and beyond. It begins with an executive summary and key results, highlighting the potential of SSBs to surpass conventional lithium-ion batteries in energy density, safety, and cost. The report details the components of SSBs, including anodes (lithium, silicon), cathodes (NMC, LFP), and solid electrolytes (oxide, sulfide, polymer), emphasizing material compatibility and processing challenges. Production aspects are covered, from cathode and anode processing to solid electrolyte separator manufacturing, along with material availability, sustainability, and economic considerations. Four promising SSB cell concepts are analyzed: LiOx (lithium anode with oxide electrolyte), LiSu (lithium anode with sulfide electrolyte), SiSu (silicon anode with sulfide electrolyte), and LiPo (lithium anode with polymer electrolyte), with energy density projections and industry perspectives. The roadmap outlines milestones from materials to cell development and from cell to application, targeting commercialization in electric vehicles and stationary storage by 2030-2035. Key challenges include interfacial stability, scalable manufacturing, and cost reduction. The document concludes with an outlook on SSB adoption, emphasizing the need for continued research and collaboration.