Solid-State Battery Roadmap 2035+: Comprehensive Guide

This document presents a comprehensive roadmap for solid-state batteries (SSBs) from 2022 to 2035 and beyond. It begins with an executive summary and key results, highlighting the potential of SSBs to surpass conventional lithium-ion batteries in energy density, safety, and performance. The roadmap is structured around critical components: anodes (lithium, silicon), cathodes (NMC, LFP, LLO), and solid electrolytes (oxide, sulfide, polymer). It details production processes, material availability, sustainability, and economic aspects. Four promising SSB cell concepts are analyzed: LiOx (oxide electrolyte with lithium anode), LiSu (sulfide electrolyte with lithium anode), SiSu (sulfide electrolyte with silicon anode), and LiPo (polymer electrolyte with lithium anode). Each concept is evaluated against key performance indicators (KPIs) for applications like electric vehicles and stationary storage. The roadmap outlines milestones from materials development to cell integration and market deployment, addressing challenges such as interfacial compatibility, manufacturing scalability, and cost reduction. The document concludes with an outlook on industry perspectives and the expected timeline for SSB commercialization.