Energy Storage System Safety Design Practices

This document by EVE Energy's Meng Yubao details safety design practices for energy storage systems, covering full-scenario products from home to utility-scale. It explains thermal runaway triggers—electrothermal and thermal initiation—caused by manufacturing defects, lithium dendrites, overcharging, and external heat. The thermal runaway process is broken into stages: initiation, heat release, and runaway, with gas composition analysis showing DMC, CO2, and EMC as major components. Product specifications include energy-type packs (≤0.5C) for smoothing renewables and peak shaving, power-type packs (~1C) for grid frequency regulation, and high-rate packs (~2C) for IDC backup. Safety features include liquid cooling with temperature rise ≤10°C, integrated aerosol and liquid fire protection, and high energy density cabinets (209kWh) compatible with 1500V systems. Compliance with IEC 62619, UN38.3, UL1642, and UL9540A is noted. The document emphasizes robust design to prevent thermal runaway and ensure reliable operation across applications.