Green Electricity Direct Connection and Zero-Carbon Industrial Parks: Pathways and Challenges

This document explores the pathways and challenges of green electricity direct connection and zero-carbon industrial parks in the context of new energy development. It begins by outlining the IEA's six stages of new energy penetration, from minimal impact to over 80% electricity share, highlighting challenges like the duck curve and supply-demand imbalances. Examples from countries like Germany, Denmark, and Spain illustrate successful high-proportion integration through centralized or distributed models. The focus then shifts to China's industrial parks, which account for over 30% of national carbon emissions, emphasizing their role in carbon reduction. Zero-carbon parks are presented as a consumption-side solution, requiring non-fossil energy supply via source-grid-load-storage integration and green electricity direct connection. The document details three evolution stages: low-carbon, near-zero-carbon, and zero-carbon parks. Finally, it discusses policies and challenges, citing Jiangsu's 2025 pilot for green electricity direct connection to battery enterprises, marking a national first. The text underscores the need for innovative models to accelerate renewable energy adoption and achieve carbon neutrality.